Saturday, August 31, 2019

Benefits/Oppressions of Culturally Diverse Populations Essay

The history and theories of counseling and psychology have both benefited and oppressed culturally diverse populations. It is common knowledge that the founding fathers of counseling were all white males of the socioeconomic status of middle to upper class. Therefore, the majority of theories are rooted in research and evidence that assists this particular group. However, as the world becomes more and more diverse, the one size fits all counseling theories no longer service the needs of the clients. Therapists must be cognoscente of the populations he or she services and the techniques best suited to fit these needs. As Sue & Sue state, â€Å"If deviations from the majority are considered abnormal, then many ethnic and racial minorities that exhibit strong cultural differences from the majority have to be so classified.† (p. 93). For example take IQ tests, achievement tests, and personality inventories. What is considered normal within one culture may be considered abnormal within another. It has been a long held belief that black males feel as though â€Å"The Man† is out to get them (Sue & Sue, 2013). It has been through various personality assessments that African Americans have been found to be suspicious, mistrustful, and paranoid (Sue & Sue, 2013). However, what was not considered throughout these findings was that African Americans have been discriminated against throughout time and therefore have reason to behave in such ways (Sue & Sue, 2013). In fact, in Grier and Cobbs’ book Black Rage (as cited in Sue & Sue, 2013), it was noted that African Americans had to use a variety of survival techniques in order to survive the racial society in which they lived. In essence what was perceived as abnormal behavior that of suspicion and mistrust, turned into the survival skills needed to protect this particular group from potential harm. The counseling relationship is an ever-revolving process. There is no one set of standards and techniques that can be applied to each and every group. Throughout the years therapists have come to the realization that additional strategies need to be imposed and that not all situations can be viewed and evaluated with the same lens. The clinician must be introspective of his or her own particular world views and adjust his or her practice to meet the needs of the diverse populations he or she serves.

Friday, August 30, 2019

Aeon History

History Company JAYA JUSCO is set up in Malaysia In 1984, Jaya Jusco Stores Sdn. Bhd. was established in Malaysia, in response to the Malaysian Prime Minister Dato' Seri Dr. Mahathir's request to help modernize thee retail industry in Malaysia using the world's most advanced management expertise. Dr. Mahathir believed that the modernization of the retail industry was crucial for the country's economic growth. Prior to this, in 1983 Dr. Mahathir visited Tokyo and met the then JUSCO Co. , Ltd. President, Mr. Takuya Okada to discuss the proposition of bringing the JUSCO name to Malaysia. The talks ended on a positive note and Dr.Mahathir invited JUSCO to set up store in Malaysia. All this was part of Dr. Mahathir's Look East policy for Malaysia. Year| Description| 1984| JAYA JUSCO STORES SDN BHD established, in response to a request from Prime Minister Y. A. B. Datuk Seri Dr Mahathir bin Mohamad, to help modernize the retailing industry in Malaysia. | 1985| The first pilot store, JAYA J USCO Dayabumi, opened. The second pilot store, JAYA JUSCO Taman Tun Dr. Ismail opened. | 1989| JAYA JUSCO Dayabumi closed. The first Superstore, JAYA JUSCO Taman Maluri, opened. | 1991| JUSCO Melaka was opened and fully operated by Malaysian staff. The ?ON Group's â€Å"Hometown Forest† programme was launched simultaneously at the inauguration of JUSCO Melaka. | 1992| JUSCO Wangsa Maju (Alpha Angle Shopping Centre), our first Shopping Centre, opened. | 1994  | Our Distribution Centre began operations. Japanese Trainee Programme begun. | 1995  | JAYA JUSCO Taman Tun Dr. Ismail closed. JUSCO Bandar Utama (1 Utama Shopping Centre) opened. JUSCO Bandar Baru Klang (Bukit Raja Shopping Centre) opened. | 1996| JAYA JUSCO STORES BHD was listed on the Main Board of the KLSE. | 1997| JUSCO Ipoh (Kinta City Shopping Centre) opened. | 1998  | JUSCO Melaka Shopping Centre reopened. 1999| JUSCO Mid Valley opened. | 2000| JUSCO Taman Maluri Shopping Centre re-opened. JUSCO Bandar Puch ong opened. | 2001| Launch of WAOH Charity Fund / JUSCO Fest / JUSCO's 17th Anniversary. 22 Malaysian students and 2 former participants from the 1990 batch were invited to Japan as ‘Ambassadors ‘through the ? ON â€Å"1% Club† Programmer. | 2002| Establishment of JUSCO-OUM Retail Centre in Alpha Angle Shopping Centre, at Wangsa Maju. JUSCO Taman University opened, Japan Management Training Programmed reactivated. | 2003  | WAOH Charity Bazaar. JUSCO Home Centre opened in 1 Utama Shopping Centre. ,000 seedlings were planted in the vicinity of the JUSCO Permas Jaya store as part of ? ON's environmental campaign, ‘Planting Seeds of Growth'. JUSCO Permas Jaya Shopping Centre opened. | 2004  | JUSCO Metro Prima Tree Planting Ceremony was held. 2,000 seedlings were planted. JUSCO Metro Prima Shopping Centre opened. WAOH Charity Fund officially registered as the â€Å"WAOH† Malaysian JUSCO Foundation. Company authorized share capital increased from RM10 0,000,000 to RM500,000,000. JAYA JUSCO STORES BHD. officially changed name to AEON CO. (M) BHD. JUSCO celebrated 20th Anniversary in Malaysia with Gala Dinner.Official launch of â€Å"WAOH† Malaysian JUSCO Foundation. 30,000 seedlings planted in the Malaysia-Japan Friendship Forest, AEON Woodland, Paya Indah Wetlands. Completed Bonus Issue (1:1) for 87,750,000 new Ordinary Shares. | 2005  | AEON CO. (M) BHD. received a certificate of appreciation from the Prime Minister for its tree planting activities. Charity Gala Dinner was held. The management of AEON CO. (M) BHD. met with the Mentri Besar of Negeri Sembilan, Y. A. B. Datuk Seri Utama Hj Mohamad Bin Hj Hasan. JUSCO Seremban 2 Tree Planting ceremony was held. 3,300 seedlings were planted. JUSCO Seremban 2 opened.JUSCO J-One Supermarket opened at Damansara Damai. AEON Tebrau City Tree Planting ceremony was held. 6,000 seedlings were planted. | 2006  | AEON Tebrau City Shopping Centre opened. Change of financial year end . AEON Taman Equine Tree Planting ceremony was held. 4,000 seedlings were planted. AEON Taman Equine Shopping Centre opened. PASAR RAYA D'HATI (formerly known as J-One) Supermarket in Pearl Point opened. AEON Cheras Selatan Tree Planting ceremony was held. 4,000 seedlings were planted. WAOH Gala Dinner held. JUSCO Queensbay store opened. AEON Cheras Selatan Shopping Centre opened. 2007| PASAR RAYA D'HATI name change ceremony held at Pearl Point Shopping Mall. | 2008  | Completed Bonus Issue (1:1) for 175,500,000 new Ordinary Shares. AEON Careline was launched. AEON Seberang Prai City Shopping Centre Tree Planting Ceremony held. 3,500 saplings were planted. JUSCO Seberang Prai City (AEON Seberang Prai City Shopping Centre) opened. Taman Asuhan Kanak-Kanak Asahi (TAKA) at Bandar Puchong Jaya opened. 24th Anniversary Tree Planting at AEON Woodland. 2,400 saplings were planted. AEON AU2 Setiawangsa Shopping Centre Tree Planting Ceremony held. 4,600 saplings were planted.JUSCO AU2 Seti awangsa (AEON AU2 Setiawangsa Shopping Centre) opened. AEON Bukit Indah Shopping Centre Tree Planting Ceremony held. 3,000 saplings wereplanted. JUSCO Bukit Indah (AEON Bukit Indah Shopping Centre) opened. | 2009  | Pasar Raya MaxValu Pearl Point closed. 25th Anniversary Tree Planting Ceremony at AEON Woodland. 25,000 saplings planted. AEON Bandaraya Melaka Shopping Centre Tree Planting Ceremony held. 2,000 saplings were planted. | 2010  | â€Å"With All Our Hearts† Malaysia JUSCO Foundation changed name to Malaysia AEON Foundation. JUSCO Bandaraya Melaka (AEON Bandaraya Melaka Shopping Centre) opened.AEON Mahkota Cheras Tree Planting Ceremony held. 3,000 saplings were planted. JUSCO Mahkota Cheras (AEON Mahkota Cheras Shopping Centre) opened. | 2011  | JUSCO Bandar Utama reopened. AEON Rawang Anggun Shopping Centre Tree Planting Ceremony held. 3,500 saplings were planted. JUSCO Rawang (AEON Rawang Anggun Shopping Centre) opened. Disposal of Smart Wonder World (SWW) amu sement business completed. | 2012  | AEON Ipoh Station 18 Shopping Centre Tree Planting Ceremony held. 3,500 saplings were planted. AEON unveiled the new brand name â€Å"AEON† and tagline â€Å"AEON Enriching Your Lifestyle†.Card rebranded to AEON Member Card. AEON Ipoh Station 18 (AEON Ipoh Station 18 Shopping Centre) opened. | Social responsibilities Social responsibility  is an ethical  or theory that an  entity, be itan  organization  or  individual, has an obligation to act to benefit society at large. Social responsibility is a duty every individual or organization has to perform so as to maintain a balance between the economy and the ecosystem. A trade-off always exists between economic development, in the material sense, and the welfare of the society and environment.Social responsibility means sustaining the equilibrium between the two. It pertains not only to business organizations but also to everyone who’sany action impacts the environ ment. Ethical Issues Ethics, also known as  moral philosophy, is a branch of  philosophy  that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct. The term comes from the Greek word  ethos, which means â€Å"character†. Ethics is a complement to Aesthetics  in the philosophy field of Axiology. In philosophy, ethics studies the moral behaviour in humans, and how one should act.Ethics may be divided into four major areas of study. Introduction At AEON, we believe a green environment is the basis for a better life, as such we have developed a comprehensive ecology programme to address the global warming issue and aim to significantly eliminate carbon dioxide (CO? ) emissions. To create higher environmental awareness and educate younger generations on the importance of environment protection, we have involved the participation of various parties, Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs), government agencies and other communities, in eve ry programme initiated by the company Green Initiatives Malaysia-Japan Friendship Forestry at Paya Indah Wetlands * On 13 September 2004, AEON held a special dinner in gloryof Tun Dr. Mahathir bin. Mohamad, the former Prime Minister of Malaysia. Tun Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad was invited to sign a plaque, together with Mr Takuya Okada, for the launching of the Malaysia-Japan Friendship Forest. This tabletwas placed at the forest site, which was named the AEON Woodland, a special area about eight hectares set aside in Paya Indah Wetlands. * Aeon Green Fund AEON Green Fund was established in-conjunction with the â€Å"No Plastic Bag Day Every Saturday† campaign. Customers requesting plastic bags on Saturdays will be charged 20 cents for each plastic bag. The fee will serve as a deterrent to shoppers against the use of plastic bags. Proceeds charged on the plastic bags will go to the Green Fund which supports all AEON's environmental and corporate social responsibility activities. * Aeon Eco Fair 2010 * AEON Co. (M) BHD had launched an eco-event called ‘Eco Fair 2010' on 20 April 2010 at AEON Bandaraya Melaka Shopping Centre.The main purpose of this event is to educate and inspire the general public and the community about the importance of sustainable practices. Green Award * Green Leadership Award 2010 * AEON won the Green Leadership Award at the Asia Responsible Entrepreneurship Awards (AREA) held in Kuala Lumpur. The award recognizes AEON for their environment protection efforts through the ‘Planting Seeds of Growth'. Reduction in Energy Consumption' and recycling campaigns. AEON planted more than 400,000 saplings in 25 years with the ‘Planting Seeds of Growth' activity which is now a tradition that follows the opening of each new store.They reduced energy consumption by installing inverter systems in their offices and outlets and also encourage recycling by establishing AEON Community Recycling Centres (CRC). AEON pledges its commitmen t to uphold corporate social responsibilities in Malaysia. The company has always been perceptive towards conserving the environment for the sake of future generations and will continue endorsing the importance of a greener tomorrow. Green Awareness * IGEM 2010 * The Tree of Life, moulded from corrugated box material and standing proudly in the centre on the booth, is designed to reflect AEON's ecological work towards preserving nature.With AEON's core philosophy of ‘Planting Seeds of Growth', the tree not only represents seeds that have reached their potential, but highlights how trees sustain life by moderating the climate, providing a wildlife habitat and improving air quality. To remind IGEM 2010 visitors of this philosophy, a free packet of seeds is available to take home when they make a pledge on the Tree of Hope. The AEON Chairman Dato’ Abdullah b. Mohd. Yusof He are pleased to present AEON Credit Service (M) Berhad (AEON Credit) Annual Reportand Audited Financi al Statements for the financial year ended 20 February 2012.When the slower growth in global economy in 2011, the Malaysian economy remained resilient with sustained growth in domestic demand supported by mainly higher expenditure from the public sector along with growth in both business andhousehold spending in an environment of continued positive consumer sentiment. Planning The meaning of planning is the process of thinking about, organizing the activities required to achieve a desired goal and developing plans to integrate. Planning is also called forethought. Planning involves the creation and maintenance of a plan.As such, planning is a fundamental property of intelligent behavior. In the organization creation and maintenance of a plan is very important. This is because the manager in the organization have creativity that mean that the manager ability to develop new idea and to discover new way of looking at problem and opportunity. Develop the new idea is the proses activity to the manager become successful to managerial the employee to become creative and behavior to an organization. In the Aeon Corporation manager is very successful moving from an idea to an organization to become the bigger market in Melaka.Aeon Corporation is using the classifying manager tools managerial the employee. The top manager is making organization – wide decision and establishing plans and goals that affect the entire organization. After, the top managers making decision with past to middle manager to managerial the first – line manager. Middle manager past to first – line manager to managerial the non-managerial employee. All the employee in Aeon Corporation very honest and ethic is because they have a top manager to share their conceptual skill to think all the best toward the organization goals.After that, middle manager will share their human skill to work with other people. After thought, first – line manager will share technical skill show ed their knowledge to employee. Aeon Corporation management is very successful in coordinating and overseeing the work activities of other so that their activities are completed efficiently and effectively. Besides that, follow management role to develop the best customer relationship and customer service. Organizing Organizing  is the act of rearranging  elements following one or more  rules or principle.In anything is commonly considered organized when it looks like everything has a correct order or placement. It's only ultimately organized if any element has no difference on time taken to find it. Not only can that, organizing also be defined as  to place different objects in logical arrangement for better searching. Organizations  are  groups  of people organized for some purpose, such as business or political activities. Dato’ Abdullah bin Mohd Yusof the Aeon jusco chairman he regardless of how times may have changed, is to serve the  Ã¢â‚¬ËœCustomer Firs t ’.He always mindful of the three keywords which make up the essence and character of the retail industry and must be considered in any development:  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœpeace’,  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœpeople’ and  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœcommunity’. Because ours is a person-to-person business and our existence is deeply intertwined with the people of the regions and societies in which we serve. These precepts remain the same wherever we do business, where we act as a contributing member of the local community. 2010 whiles the public sector. lly He is organizing the Accelerating Shopping Center Development and Aggressive Pursuit of GMS Stores.He organizes to establish a solid competitive position and achieve continuous growth. Accelerating Shopping Center Development is channel in the resources towards developing attractive, integrated commercial facilities which the customers can fully enjoy, such as regional shopping center and neighborhoods shopping center. This segment can also involve lea sing shopping space and facilities to tenants. The Aggressive Pursuit of GMS Stores is the General Merchandise Stores (GMS) in the Aeon Jusco with combine supermarkets and departmental stores under one roof to operate as full-line retailers.The Products was offered range from food and other daily necessities, apparel and household goods also include bedding and bathroom products to specialized products such as home appliances, sporting goods and cosmetics. The goal of the organization is to operate as an â€Å"international-scale retailing group†. The Aeon Jusco Chairman Dato’ Abdullah bin Mohd Yusof to recognise for excellence not only in Japan also in other nations like Hong Kong and China. In the international recognition Aeon work to achieve is not only measure merely in quantifiable terms of size, growth and profitability.The chairman also hope to be competitive at the global level in intangible aspects such as can making the customer satisfaction and corporate ci tizenship. He dedicated to the idea of â€Å"quality management† to further enhance our capabilities. Leading ‘Leading' can comes from the metal-type when it typesetters inserted thin  strips  of  lead   to increase the spacing between lines. Then it for legibility or stylistic effects. Lines of normal text without leading are said to be set solid, and usually give a dense and dark  appearance  to the text block.The 5th batch of trainees who successfully completed the Japan Trainee Programmed returned to Malaysia on 17 January 2007. They are holding positions as leaders in their respective stores nationwide. In the Japan Trainee Programmer is designed to help selected leaders prepare for the every changing retail environment to overseas working conditions. One of the vital ways to increase their knowledge and skills in retailing to given them some experience in AEON Japan. This programmed also teaches them to be independent, in preparation for their future r oles as leaders in the Company.AEON also have publishes the AEON Business School to intense course for the benefit of merchandisers, store managers and deputy store managers was organized by AEON. AEON Business School to celebrate the successful completion in the course and in the special closing ceremony was held on 22 September 2006. Chairman Dato’ Abdullah bin Mohd Yusof to train and develop new leaders from within the Company, AEON CO. (M) BHD. He has created a New Leader Development Program (NLDP). The Participants were asked to present a project that applied all the skills and knowledge they gained during the one-year course.He train the new leader to help the AEON future develop to accomplished the company goal. He has train the new leader to help to direct the staff working. He saying the â€Å"CUSTOMER FISRT’, uses the new leader to train the more quality staff. AEON CO. (M) BHD. Is organized a number of team-building activities to throughout the year to deve lop attitudes, motivation and unity within the Company. Team-building Program was also held for Blue Wave for the supervisors and assistant supervisors at Kem Bina Semangat Yayasan Selangor. To give them more experience to operate the manage line. ControllingControlling is the basic  management  function  of establishing  benchmarks  or standards, comparing actual  performance  against them, and taking  corrective action, if  required. Name AEON is derived from the Latin word which means ‘eternity'. JUSCO has become a household name in the Malaysians and has been growing together with our nation since its first presence in Malaysia. The slogan ‘Customer First' has always been the driving in the philosophy for the AEON group. Now, AEON CO. (M) BHDis moving towards globalization by taking on the global brand name for all its stores and shopping centers.It is also the perfect opportunity for AEON to further strengthen its position in the market and to esta blish a clear brand identity. AEON is organizing a press launch, series of campaign posters, TVC, radio contest, customer engagement activities, and special merchandise. Furthermore, AEON will introduce a new tagline, ‘AEON ENRICHING YOUR LIFESTYLE' to the public. The dynamic new brand name and logo are part of the company's strategy to increase its profile as a leading retailer in Malaysia, added by Dato' Abdullah bin Mohd Yusof, Chairman of AEON CO. M) BHD.. He believes that we have established the foundations not only for sustainable growth but also for excellence in delivering values and customer service to our customers. Dato' Abdullah bin Mohd Yusof, Chairman of AEON CO. (M) BHD to the entire one million J CARD holders. The member cards will be upgraded to the new AEON Member Card that retains some of the previous J CARD benefits plus some added new ones also including all existing accumulated points will be transferred to the new AEON Member Card.Every Members can repla ce their card at the AEON Member Card Customer Service Counter for FREE starting from 15 March 2012 – 30 April 2012. Nonetheless, new members can enjoy a new fee rate at RM24 for a 3 years membership. Besides, AEON stores will also undergo face lifting consistent with the new AEON corporate identity while still retaining the familiar JUSCO feel. All the JUSCO signage and pylon signage will be replaced in phases during the two years rebranding exercise. AEON is ambitious to improve our customer services.The various programs will be initiated in order to increase and upgrade the company's customer services to higher levels. We will ensure and strive to continuously provide our customers with improved and better services. Finally, we at AEON promise to continue deliver a great shopping experience that will enrich our customers' lifestyles. Opportunity In the consistent new growth and a vigorous program of constant renovation at existing market in the region. AEON MALL has now op ened its doors to retailers for the all esteemed organization to be a part of a large business opportunity in AEON MALL's in the future developments.In the well-established retail developer in Japan was rapidly developing in large scale shopping centers in South East Asia countries including Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Myanmar, Cambodia and even in China. we have arranged a solid business presentation about our expansion plans in these states. We are in charge of developing businesses and directly involved with the rapid emergence and operations over 60 shopping malls nations over. AEON MALL was looking ahead to aggressive shopping mall development as the AEON Group's core company was responsible to aim sustainable growth.In the same time, we find to strengthen initiatives that will accelerate the pace of openings and the development of sites for this endeavor. From the capacity to open new shopping on the listed countries is frightening. We are pursuing nonstop value improvement. By saying an â€Å"ALL NEW AEON MALL,†. We are making everything new also include renewing on hand shopping malls. This is reflected in the frequency of strong name that AEON MALL commands among many area store companies, which regularly name its malls as desired locations to shop and spend.We intend to open more malls in the near future, with a quickening of pace planned from time to time. Going forward, we will aggressively expand openings of our shopping malls tailored for commercial areas and expanding business opportunities. At accessible shopping malls, AEON MALL is hurrying renovation initiatives in order to increase earnings and achieve projection by enhancing the ability of these facilities to attract customers. Sales at the average shopping mall start to soften a few years after its start business. We will make constant adjustment to maintain the good looks of our malls to customers.In the strong economic growth in this region has also sparked positive economic opp ortunities that to us indicate the dawn of the age of the shopping mall. We intend to further expand our shopping mall development business even further, thereby enhance corporate value. We Regardless domestic or overseas in the AEON MALLs would and should be supported and beloved by local residents continuously. Developer versed in the retailing industry to aim build towns that are indispensible 50 years on or even 100 years into the future always see the things from the customer's standpoint.Finally, we will work on contributing to local communities, creating comfortable and safe shopping malls and even carrying out activities that will pass on a pretty environment to the next generation. We see real market potentials for the mall business for respectable entrepreneurs. In the our policy in going forward is primarily to gain a dominant position in the key markets of Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Myanmar, Cambodia and China, while at the same time pursuing development ventures thro ughout the nation.We will also focus on developing new malls over other potential ASEAN region and aiming to increase the number of our facilities or more. Conclusion Aeon Corporation is the successful supermarket in Malaysia. This is because there have the good manager to develop the new idea to managerial the employee in the organization. So that the AEON corporation business also very successful increase every year. This nice results is not a manager have good skill to managerial people, employee also cooperation toward the organization goal can be accomplish.AEON Corporation is the good example to their managerial skill and the ability to do the better and think the good toward the organization. Although, management function such as, planning, organization, leading and controlling, this management function is an important way that show ability of manager can be successful or not to managerial the organization to become successful. But Aeon have today status, is because their man ager have conceptual skill to do all the best toward the organization. This past few year, we can see that the Aeon corporation income statement has beautiful number; it means that Aeon Corporation has earned money.In Melaka everyone will famous that the Aeon this bigger shopping Centre, this will prove the Aeon Corporation to improve their best attitude toward their customer. In the Malaysia normally people famous they think is the think that the customer wants to test it to satisfied their want and need. The best way for the one organization much have training class to all employee to improve himself knowledge to joint in the social and the best attitude to learn moral value to improve personal self-cultivation. Aeon corporation manager already doing the think right to showed their ability in the organization.REFERENCE 1. AEON CO. (M) BHD (2012). History company. Retrieved 13 MARCH 2013, from aeonretail. com. my 2. AEON CO. (M) BHD (2012 ). social responsibility. Retrieved 25 marc h 2013, from http://aeonretail. com. my/ 3. AEON CO. (M) BHD (2012). Management function. Retrieved 20 march 2013, from aeonretail. com. my 4. Wikipedia (2009). AEON. Retrieved 24M ARCH 2013, from Wikipedia. org 5. AEONCR (2013). chairman statement. Annual report AEON 2012  (pp. 18-19). malaysia: AEON publisher credit service

Thursday, August 29, 2019

American Industrial Worker Essay Sample

Analyze the impact of any TWO of the following on the American industrial worker between 1865 and 1900. The industrial revolution had been made known all over the universe. doing immense moving ridges of immigrants to crash into urban metropoliss of the United States. Because of this. many mills sprang up and a typical American industrial worker had to confront jobs because of in-migration and besides labour brotherhoods. which were created in order to protect factory workers from unjust foremans. Immigration was seen as a pro for concern and mill proprietors for they were hungry for occupations and would take any no affair how small the wage. These immigrants were seen as famished job-stealing people that made the spread in between foremans and their employers even bigger. Most Americans did non believe it was just to hold non indigens take their occupations and land. Since there were so many immigrants during this clip. mill workers were seen as objects that could be replaced any minute. If an American mill worker was to kick about his wage cut. so he could easy be fired and replaced by an Irish immigrant. Employers could utilize many methods to set down rebellious behaviour. They could utilize the yellow-dog contract. which was an understanding between the employer and the employee that the employee may non fall in any brotherhoods. Employers could besides utilize the black book method. which was a secret list where an employee’s name would be added on if they had complained and quit and this list would be passed around to employers of other mills. vouching the individual unemployment. In utmost instances. federal military personnels could be called in to coerce the workers to work. Immigrants besides emphasized the thought of nativism to the American people. Nativists wanted immigrants to travel back to their fatherland because they did non belong in the States. In 1882. the authorities passes the Chinese Exclusion Act which restricted Chinese immigrants from come ining the United States. The authorities excluded the Chinese foremost because it was harder for them to absorb into American society because of their physical visual aspects and cultur al differences. Irish and Germans had a much easier clip intermixing in while the Chinese stuck out. Immigration besides caused favoritism. In the fabric Millss. where most adult females work. there would be marks that excluded Irish adult females. These had the words. â€Å"No Irish Need Apply† ( NINA ) printed in bold letters. forbiding Irish immigrants to work. The Industrial Revolution brought awful conditions. low wage cuts for longer hours and unsafe machinery. Because of this. labour brotherhoods were formed. Workers would fall in into brotherhoods and protest in a group to their foreman because they thought that working in a group would do the foremans think more intently. The foremans thought it was economically smarter to do understandings with the workers than to fire them and engage new workers with no experience in. There were two types of labour brotherhoods in mills: a closed store or an unfastened store. These two greatly affected the American industrial worker because in a closed store. every worker must fall in the brotherhood and if non ; they could confront serious effects such as being beat up and unfastened store is a mill where workers are non required to fall in the brotherhood. Labor brotherhoods had tactics of their ain in order to try to acquire their manner. They would frequently boycott. or travel on work stoppage. These labour brotherhoods garnered tonss of attending and made the public aware of how atrocious the mill workers were. Most of them went on work stoppage in order to acquire the issue out and about. Many labour brotherhoods were organized but few were successful. The National Labor Union. organized in 1866. and included about 600. 000 members. skilled or unskilled and even husbandmans. although they excluded the Chinese and did non seek to include adult females and inkinesss. Because of this. the Colored National Labor Union was created by inkinesss themselves but the differences did non let them to work together. The National Labor brotherhood strongly advocated for eight hr working daies. Another brotherhood called the Knights of Labor emerged that first began as a secret society. Their intent was to include all workers in â€Å"one large brotherhood. † They allowed everyone: inkinesss. Whites. work forces. adult females. the skilled and unskilled. Terence V. Powderly led this brotherhood to win several work stoppages for an eight- hr twenty-four hours. Unfortunately. the Knights of Labor were involved in a violent protest called Haymarket Square. They were mistaken to be associated with nihilists and this brought them to their ruin. Finally. a successful brotherhood shows up called the American Federation of Labor ( AFL ) . founded by Samuel Gompers. which merely allowed skilled workers. In the terminal. normally the direction won with the strikers holding small betterment. Immigration and labour brotherhoods strongly impacted the American. Immigrants largely impacted the American industrial worker negatively. because of more competition to gain occupations and besides the immigrant’s willingness to work for lower rewards. Labor brotherhoods wer e created in order to assist the workers. but in the terminal. both created tenseness and depersonalized the work infinite.

Wednesday, August 28, 2019

Emplyee relations in the public sector have generally been conflict Essay

Emplyee relations in the public sector have generally been conflict ridden for some time. Discuss the reasons for this and what - Essay Example The interaction of employees with one another is an undertaking that will bear fruit for the organization at large and make the industry realize the true potential of these employees in essence. This paper shall discuss the exact reasons why the employee relations are coming down with the advent of age, and how solutions could be found for the problems that have marred the organizational philosophy for such a long time (Gianaris 1996). What is needed is to inculcate feelings of tolerance and organizational harmony so that employee relations would bolster and the organization would grow and develop with the changing times. It will also examine the different issues which have cropped up and how these would pose as serious difficulties in the coming times. The role of the human resources management department and the top management is also essential because it would bring in sanity and a soothing feeling within the minds and hearts of the employees, which shall transpire automatically w ithin the organizational realms. Discussion on Employee Relations One must understand that employee relations in the present day and age would bring in the much touted value and quality for the sake of the employees and the organization in the long run. ... to grow on their jobs and serve the masses but sadly this is a harsh reality as far as the public sector individuals are concerned (White & Corby 1999). The employee relations also become a point of serious trouble when there are issues within the trade unions and the trade regimes which keep on coming up every now and then. This is a fact that employee relations would have to be improved and enhanced in order to make sure that the public views the entire domains of the public sector as a genuine one and which can deliver value and quality in the form of services for them, without any compromise. Since employee relations are dependent on how the rules and policies of the human resources management department are drafted, it is essential to know that the employee relations should always be understood from a balanced perspective more than anything else. What this suggests is that more or less it is the relationship amongst the employees and the employers themselves which shall be affec ted in a number of different ways if the entire phenomenon of employee relations comes to a standstill (Singh 2006). Employee involvement is seen as a negative element more than anything else and thus employee empowerment is in essence absolutely missing within the business processes, tasks and activities in the organization. When an employee comes out clean with regards to his respective undertakings, it signifies his stance within the domains of the organization and not within the terrains that he is looking forward to having. One must not forget that this is his work and more than that his attitude and the capacity to turn ideas into concepts which will bring him success at the end of the day. On the other hand, all these elements would seem to be a missing element when the employees

Tuesday, August 27, 2019

Channel-Sales Force Audit for Leica Camera AG Research Paper

Channel-Sales Force Audit for Leica Camera AG - Research Paper Example Zhang, M. (2012). About Leica, â€Å"Leica: The Little Privately-Owned Engine That Could† PetaPixel, Retrieved from: http://petapixel.com/2012/10/04/leica-the-little-privately-owned-engine-that-could/ 13 Channel and Sales force audit is a measuring tool used for an evaluation of the operations of an organization or company. Such an audit is a comprehensive and thorough analysis of people, operations, processes, company’s structure, culture, management and workforce, customers, products, services, technologies, customers, sales channels, target markets and other various types of activities that can contribute to the company’s reputation and profitability. Additional to the internal factors, it is important to consider external factors while performing a channel and sales force audit for a company because external factors can easily put the effect on internal compatibility of an organization (Sales Xpert, 2013). On the basis of the results of channel and sales force audit, recommendations are made for the effectiveness of the company. The recommendations should be made with a clear implementation plan so that the company can implement certain changes in an effective and accurate manner. Implementation plans should be clear, precise, flexible and realistic because a company’s future success and effectiveness are based on such a plan (Panda,T. & Sahadev,S. 2012) Channel and sales force audit is essential for an organization that wants to identify incremental revenue opportunities for the future. It also helps a company to judge its capabilities against its competitors, market trends, product launches, expansion and growth decision and other relevant decision regarding a successful future. Lieca Camera AG is a privately owned German optics company founded in 1849 and was headquartered in Wetzlar, Germany. Leica Camera AG is one of the three companies of the formerly known Ernst Leitz GmbH which is popularly known for

Monday, August 26, 2019

Racial profiling Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Racial profiling - Coursework Example Indeed, it has been increasingly common in light of the perceived threats to the population by Islamic terrorists. Thus, in airplanes, Islamic-looking individuals are subjected to inspections and interviews of an intensity that white people are not normally subjected to. The increasing numbers of crime, and the associations by people that these crimes emanate from race-based communities such as Hispanic communities, are also responsible for the growing trend towards racial profiling. While racial profiling is never really legislated as a policy in its explicit sense, the ever-widening range of methods that a law enforcement officer are allowed to employ allow the use of racial profiling as a legitimate strategy. We now proceed to discussing the costs against the benefits of racial profiling. Those who support racial profiling believe that a utilitarian approach must be taken. The argument is that because it is true that there are crimes which certain racial groups are more predisposed to committing than other racial groups, â€Å"special efforts at crime reduction directed at members of such groups are justified, if not required.† (Risse and Zeckhauser, 2004). This basically means that law and order is a more important consideration than improving racial relations or fighting racial inequality. Because crime has such pernicious effects on society, so the argument goes, the order of the day is to end it. In contrast, those who are opposed to racial profiling dispute the position that some races have a greater tendency to commit some crimes than others. Indeed, in a study conducted, the officers’ behaviour of racial profiling is not supported by any showing that the criminal acts in the predominantly white community were committed by African Americans (Meehan and Ponder, 2002). Of course, the deeper objection to racial

Sunday, August 25, 2019

Economics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Economics - Research Paper Example A recession comprises of a period of contraction: downfall in the above variables that spans for more than a few months. The US is currently in the recovery stage while a great number of states within the US are actually going through expansion. The US economy saw an increase in the annual rate of GDP and the unemployment rate fell as thousands of jobs were created. However, despite the growth in GDP, the job growth rate is slow. By the third quarter of 2013, the real GDP rose by 4.1 percent showing promising signs (Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), 2013). While the revenues of American companies have also risen by a large fraction, they are only hiring carefully to fill positions strictly required by them thereby reducing costs in an uncertain external environment. Considering the historical trends from the NBER (2013) data, the US economy is experiencing an economic expansion and should be turning into a contraction by the year 2014. Although the data presents a drop in the unemployment rates nevertheless the rate is still high. Therefore, even if the US markets are doing well, a large number of Americans still remain unemployed. Thus, the forecasters are predicting a declining economy in

Stonewall Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Stonewall - Case Study Example (b) Economic factors: The economic factors comprise of interest rates, taxation changes, economic growth, inflation and exchange rates. It can impact business in different ways, for instance the higher interest rates may discourage investment because it costs more to borrow. (c)Inflation: It may give rise to higher salary demands from employees and also raise the costs, for instance higher national income growth may boost demand for a firm's products. (d)Social factors: Changes in social trends can impact the demand for a firm's products and the willingness of individuals to work. If we say that population of Canada is ageing, then we will also consider that more old age homes would be required, which in turn would require construction material. (e)Technological factor: New technologies create new products and new processes. It is also capable of reducing costs and improving quality and it also leads to innovation. These developments can benefit consumers as well as the organizations providing the products. 4. Identify and explain the various techniques for forecasting labor supply and labor demand. What can organizations do in the short run when they recognize a gap in which supply far exceeds demand? What could Stonewall do in this situation? The techniques that can be used for forecasting labor demands are trend analysis and management forecast. (a) Trend analysis: in which labor requirements are forecasted on the basis of some organizational index. (b)Management forecast: are the opinions of experts, supervisors and sometimes the skilled labor as well, regarding the organizational labor forecast. The supply of labor can be forecasted by different techniques including staffing tables, Markov analysis, and... Stonewall Company should explore alternatives prior to making its downsizing decision. One way to do so is by employee transfer to either within company’s subsidies, or to other companies. Later, if performance of transferred employees remains stagnant, then layoffs with proper reasoning will be the only way out. Information regarding downsizing should be provided to the employees as it is not only an employee’s right to know about it at least 3 months prior to layoff, but it is also constitutes the company’s foremost duty to its employees. Stonewall Company should opt for downsizing the Montreal plant. The reasoning behind it is that the Quebec is relatively small province as compared to others. If at times, more supplies are needed, Mississauga plant can easily transport it to Montreal because it is only on a 6 hours drive. Moreover, average hourly rate in Montreal plant is less as compared to others. So, in order to avoid the negative impact on the remaining e mployees, Stonewall can increase the average hourly rate, which would easily motivate the existing employees.

Saturday, August 24, 2019

Excise 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Excise 4 - Essay Example In addition, they have the power to establish roads and post offices. Finally they are granted the power to declare war which includes raising navies and armies. In section 2 of the constitution of Unites State the primary powers of the president include; clause 1 to give information to Congress of the state of the Union, Further in clause 2 states that the president has the power and duty to recommend to their consideration of congress where necessary. In addition, the President has the power of calling congress into extraordinary session. Clause 4 He receives foreign representatives, he cares for the faithful execution of the law and finally, clause 6 the President commissions officers both in the foreign and military service. In article 3, section 1 state that the judicial power of united state is vested in Supreme Court. Section 2, give the judicial branch power to attend to all cases both in law and equity that arise under the constitution and treaties made. This involves; all cases regarding ambassadors, other public consuls and ministers; to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction; further to controversies in which the United States shall be a party among others. The three bodies often balance and check each other in different activities for instance; the President always give recommendations to congress where he feels it’s essential. Moreover, the president exercises a check over the Congress by use of his veto bills power, however Congress may also rule against any veto by a two-thirds majority in each house. Furthermore, judicial branch helps in law interpretation to ensure uniform policies in all levels and

Friday, August 23, 2019

The market entry strategy of international fashion brand Essay

The market entry strategy of international fashion brand - Essay Example he purpose of insuring the correct market entry of the designer brand, so that the company does not face any risk or loss after launching the â€Å"Tekbir Giyim† brands. The research that is being conducted is through questionnaires, through mall intercepts as women love to go out for shopping, and specially the increasing Muslim community in various parts of Europe is definitely interested in buying the designer brand which is being prepares specially for them. Although the products are still being sold to people but they are not yet owned by the original company â€Å"Tekbir Giyim†, which means that people do not find the brand under the company’s name, it is sold through the distribution. The business these days are getting failed easily on for no reason but yet the proper research clarifies the doubts in minds of people willing to initiate business, the job that we would be performing for the company is the same that is to identify the opportunities and minim ize the chances of loss. The company is facing a lot of trouble right now and thus the research task is to follow a sequence from the problem definition which is the base for the project to be started, to the final stage which is report presentation, which would help the company in taking on further decision, whether to go for the launching of â€Å"Tekbir Giyim† or not, meanwhile the development of an approach to the problem, research design formulation that includes the conclusive research, data collection and its preparation would also be playing a key role in ensuring us about the outcome. The basic idea to conduct this entire research on the designer brand â€Å"Tekbir Giyim† is to identify the possibility of its successful launching in a place other than it is currently available. Our main objective is to go through all the steps in marketing research process, one by one, which would ensure us whether it would be relevant for the company to go for launching or not. This research would not only be

Thursday, August 22, 2019

Performance Measurement Essay Example for Free

Performance Measurement Essay Nowadays, businesses operate in an uncertain environment and the managers can never know what will happen in the future (Arnold, 2005). Meanwhile, the economic crisis has turned that world upside down; it is a change for ever. The global economy was changed during the past two decades; because of globalization, the firms are not only trade or invest in the company’s domicile, but also trade or invest in other countries. Then management will face a lot of business risk in global economy. There are many different way to define risk; simply, risks are opportunities to be seized. Risk management identifies risks with new opportunities to increase the probability of positive outcomes and maximize returns. The aim of this essay is identify the global challenges and risks and analyze the techniques available to financial managers to deal with risk when trading or investing in countries outside of the company’s domicile. In the structure, firstly evaluate the current global economic situation and what is the challenge in this global economic situation. Secondly, identify the risks do companies face operation in uncertain global economy. Finally, it will consider and analyze the techniques available to financial managers to deal with risk when trading or investing in countries outside of the company’s domicile. Outline of this essay, It is no doubt that today it is a globalization, however, due to the global economic crisis in 2008, the global economy is uncertainly and unstable. According to Arnold (2005) businesses operate in an uncertain environment and the managers can never know what will happen in the future. The global economy is divided into several situations.The one is low-income countries which CNI per capita of less than $936 and these countries have such serous social, political problems and economic that they represent limited opportunities for operations and investment. The next one is lower-middle-income countries which with a CNI per capita between $938 and $3705, such as Indonesia, Thailand and China. The consumer markets countries are increasing rapidly. Then is the upper-middle-income countries which with CNI per capita between $3706 and $11455, Such as Chile, Malaysia, Venezuela. In these countries, they have strong education systems and high literacy rates, although wages are still significantly lower than in the advanced countries, it is rising rapidly. The last one is high-income countries which with CNI per capital higher or equal $11456. Such as Japan, Sweden, United States, Germany. (Keegan, Creen. 2011) However, the most representatives of current global economy situation are UE, USA, China

Wednesday, August 21, 2019

Best Practice and High Commitment HRM

Best Practice and High Commitment HRM Introduction What is high commitment HRM? It is a set of HRÂ  practices that has the potential to contribute towards organisational performance. They are mainly to increase labour turnover, reduce absenteeism, improvise employees behavior and attitude, improve quality and customer service. This has been argued by a set of US academics that there are a set of hr practices which can increase the productivity and organisational performance, these practices are good for the workers and the companies perspective, because it improves on employment security, training and development and the from the companies end it improves on the quality and the overall organisational performance. The best practices according to Pfeffer J (1998): Employment security and internal labour markets Selective hiring Extensive training, learning and development Team working High compensation contingent on performance Performance review appraisal and career development Reduction of status differentials/ harmonisation Work life balance Employment security and internal labour markets. This practice says that the company cannot ask everything from its employees without some expectation of employment security, which as a major concern over the employees future, but the author argues that how much of employment security the company can provide, the company cannot allow its employees to stay for their rest of their life nor they can sack the employees when required. The author considers this has one of most vital principles of high commitment Selective hiring and sophisticated selection Recruiting and retaining outstanding people and capturing a stock of exceptional human talent (Boxall 1996 , p 66-67) The author says that the most of the companies want to recruit those who can show commitment, team working skills and trainability in them. The company should be careful while defining the job profile in the advert so as to reduce the number of applications. The company should use precise techniques to recruit. The company should make use psychometric tests, structured interviews and work simulator in order to select the best. This process should be conducted by professional individuals. The author also points out the best key point about best practice selection is that the process of selection should be integrated and systematic, the company should make use of the techniques which are appropriate for the position and the organization. Extensive training, learning and development (kersley et al, 2005, p.84) says extensive training is to those companies who emphasis more on quality and customer service, where it is perceived to be crucial for organisational success. This practice says that the company having selected the best, the company should ensure they train their employees to be forefront in their field of work, the author also states, their has been a growing importance of individual and organisational learning to gain competitive advantage. (wright and gardner 2003, p312)says the word learning is very crucial as it demonstrates employer willingness to encourage and facilitate employee development rather than providing training to cover short term crisis. Employee involvement and participation and workers voice (Marchington and Wilkinson, 2005) say that there are numbers why EIP is an essential component of the high commitment. Firstly there should be communication about the company financial performance, strategy and operational matters. The message should be conveyed that they are to be trusted and treated in a positive manner. Secondly team working will provide a platform for workers to offer their suggestions and contribute towards organisational performance. Thirdly the management will consider the participation of workers to put across their ideas before decisions are ultimately made. EIP appears in prescription foe best practice or high commitment HRM, this may include downward communications, upward problem solving groups, all of which are designed to increase the involvement of individual employees in their workplace. The author also argues that it is difficult to compare results across studies and arrive at any firm conclusions about the importance of EIP to high commitment HRM. E IP is often little more than a cascade of information from management. The objective of such schemes such as team briefing is to reinforce the supervisor as an information disseminator. Self-managed teams/Team working (Marchington, 1999) says, team working as been identified by many employers as a fundamental component of organization success. Pfeffer, 1998, p76) says, team working is seen as a platform to make a better decision-making and the achievement of more creative solutions. The author also states that there is evidence that the employees who work in teams, generally report higher levels of satisfaction than their counter parts who work under the traditional regime. High compensation contingent on performance (Pfeffer 1998) says, that there are two elements to this practice, higher than average compensation and performance related reward, both these elements say that the employees are to be awarded for their superior contributions. The author says the pays should be competitive, to retain and to attract high quality labour. It should reflect different levels of workers contribution like being paid as regular bonus or through profit sharing schemes. (Huselid 1995) says two measures for this factor. One being the proportion of the workforce who have access to company incentive schemes, and the proportion, whose compensation is determined by performance appraisals. Performance review, appraisal and career development Performance review, appraisal and career development as key element in high commitment HRM, they help in defining performance expectations and in providing employees with their targets to aim for. There should be regular team meetings between the staff and the managers to review and feedback to the staff through performance appraisals. Performance review is concerned, that the current levels of performance are acceptable, and instigating action if they fall below expectations, it is also important in helping the workers to plan their future in the organization and in determining any further learning and training needs. Employers should be able to communicate clearly through the appraisal process, so as to link between the organisational performance and hr practices. Reduction of status differences /harmonisation This practice states that the companies which employ manual workers, should convey message to these workers and the lower level staff that they are also valuable assets and deserve to be treated in a similar way to their senior colleagues. This practice allows the employees to offer ideas within an open management culture. This practice can be achieved by having staff uniforms, shared canteens and car parking facilities. This helps to break down artificial barriers between different groups of staff, which will in turn encourage and support team working and flexibility. The company should extend share ownership to the workforce and by doing this status difference can be reduced. Work life balance Most of the companies are emphasizing on work life balance. Mainly women employees because they have to work and take care of the family too. many of the companies are changing their policies to attract and retain those women employees who have responsibility.(Houston 2005, CIPD 2006) After briefly explaining the best practices of high commitment HRM, I can understand that each of these practices is important in improvising on the organization growth. Most of the authors say that these practices cannot be implemented in isolation, but they should implemented in a package (Mac duffie 1995) most of the literature says that these practices support and mutually reinforce each other, for example workers are more positive if there is employment security and status free, workers show more interest in team working if their efforts are rewarded with performance related pay, work life balance, access to training opportunities and share ownership. We can understand if there was a formal way of a selection and induction employees are more likely to adopt flexible practices and to training opportunities. All these practices will pay of only if there is strong organisational culture. This is argued that these practices form a synergetic bundle which helps the organization to en joy success. A research was conducted by john Purcell, this study was basically to check the link between hr practices and people management and how hr practices impact on performance. This research was carried on 12 organizations in different sectors of the industry. The research was done by interviewing front line employees and line managers, at the initial stage most of the companies had a big idea which the company is trying to achieve. Most of the companies which had an big idea, it was not just a mission statement but it was the values which was spread throughout the organization so that they are embedded in their policies and practices, so these organization had strong practices to improve on the organizational performance. The research also said its important to have good front line managers who can implement the practices, its not enough to have good hr policies but there should be someone that makes sure that these policies are followed. It is important that these practices are followed , so that the employees feel good and take that extra mile at work. We can say that if a company as good line managers who can implement these practices in a right way so to bring the best in the workers, so that they can help on improvising on the overall perspective of the organization. On the contradictory these practices will show good results only if they are followed together, Various authors have found out the drawbacks of these practices, (wood and de menezes 1998:487) note that most of the studies indicate the lack of consistency, reporting fragmentation, a pick and mix approach of human resource they even found out short termism packages of HRM, rather than deploying integrated, consistent and long term packages of HRM. (Truss et al) say that they hardly found out evidence of any deliberate or realized coherence Between hr practices, in their research one of the Hr officer said the company would recruit one employee and sack another from another department, then where is the practice called employment security. (pfeffer) says that most of the smart companies often do dumb things, failing to learn from examples. They say that there is support for the notion that HR practices do operate more effectively when combined together. They also say that the precise number and mix of these is more open to debate, for example extensive training is an essential requirement for self managed teams to run effectively, higher than average rewards are more to impact on the numbers of applications for the job and to the consistency of selective hiring practices. The provision of financial and performance information to all employee is likely to be part of a wider harmonisation package. Any employer is willing to show more employment security if there is effective selective process; self managed teams are more extensive though the organization and compensation is based on performance. (Huselid1995, Dyer and reeves1995) say that marginal changes on practices have little or no effect on productivity. Employers may make employee security a guarantee, condition only on an agreement that pay can be substantially adjusted in order to maintain employment in lean times. Few employees are offered security but with a price that they have to flexible, to move jobs and locations to maintain employment, they should be flexible to undertake retraining and to adjust in working hours. (Pfeffer) also said eliminating layers of management by instituting teams saves money. He says that self managed staff can also take on tasks, which was done by specialized personal, by doing this company can reduce the numbers of levels in the hierarchy and thus making senior managers more visible and more accessible. Some of the key methodological issues faced by the researchers was that there was inconsistencies between the studies, where one research ignored one factor and including the other, practice like employment security by pfeffer was not included in the list of Delaney and Huselid 1996, Youndt 1996, Patterson et al 1997, wood and de Menezes 1998. Some authors include some measure of employee voice rather than achieved by employee involvement. Pfeffer says, he is uncertain why researchers have included or excluded certain HR practices. He says the list can be developed on the basis of the other researchers have used or by constructing groups of practices on the basis of factor analysis. (Huselid 1995 645-647) identified two groups of practices namely employee skills and organisational structures they include job design, enhanced selectivity, formal training, various forms of participation and profit sharing. (Patterson et al, 1997) also emerged with two groups of practices job design and acquisition and development of employee skills. Guest says that there must be strong empirical base and a clear theoretical specification of hr practices that have to be included. Pfeffer says that the closer the organization gets towards the best practices the better, the better the performance. Guest points out that there may be room for variations between organization and practices which they follow in specific to external and internal circumstances. Conclusion The main focus of this study was check that can organization performance can be improved by following a set of Hr practices. The study led to suggestions that there is one way in which HRM should be delivered , moreover that these practices have an positive impact on the organization. This remains an idea that a bundle if hr practices and policies is capable of making major contribution towards organization success in all work places. On the contradictory side, weather this set of practices will suitable or which make a difference to lower line performance organizations.

Tuesday, August 20, 2019

Pollution Associated With Oil And Gas Production Environmental Sciences Essay

Pollution Associated With Oil And Gas Production Environmental Sciences Essay 1.1.1 Oil and gas production generally generates massive wealth for countries and contributes to the socio-economic development in the areas of foreign exchange earnings, provision of job opportunities, improved infrastructure, water supply, sewerage and waste treatment, health care and education, among others. Despite these economic and social benefits associated with the oil and gas industry, the exploitation of oil and gas reserves has not always been without some ecological side effects. Oil spills, damaged land, accidents and fires, and incidents of air and water pollution have all been recorded at various times and places. 1.1.2 The discussions that follow will seek to highlight the pollution associated with the various stages of the oil and gas production; and will discuss the wide range of approaches used by governments across the globe to regulate the attendant impact and pollution to the ecosystem. The discussion will also suggest an appropriate strategy to be adopted by the industry in order to achieve its overall goal of finding the right mix of regulatory, co-regulatory, incentives and voluntary mechanisms to meet the challenge of world energy demands, whilst minimising adverse impact on the environment by conforming to current good practice. The environmental impacts of the activities of the oil and gas industry exploration and exploitation, refining and products marketing have been of concern to government regulatory agencies, oil companies operators as well as the host communities. The potential for extensive and irreversible environmental and social damage from oil development projects is particularly acute in developing countries with inadequate regulatory frameworks or weak environmental and social legislation. The impacts of oil and gas operations generally occur in the form of human, socio-economic and cultural impacts, atmospheric impacts, aquatic and terrestrial impacts. Human, socio-economic and cultural impacts may include changes in land-use patterns, such as agriculture, fishing and hunting as direct consequence (for example, land-take and exclusion) or as a secondary consequence in the form of new access routes, leading to unplanned settlement and exploitation of natural resources. The impact could also result in changes in aesthetics because of unsightly or noisy facilities. It has been reported that in some places where oil is discovered, the economy develops rapidly, but it is an economy of misery.    Poorly built oil camps are carved out of the landscape and bring with them many social problems, such as forced displacement, alcoholism, sexually transmitted infections, and HIV/AIDs. Oil companies and governments regularly wash their hands of the communities mostly damaged by the oil development. In most instances, these communities are left on their own to try to determine how much and what kinds of harm the oil and gas industry has caused, and to search for ways to restore their communitys health. Protests by communities, often confrontational in nature, are the most eloquent testimonies of the resistance to the general pollution of the environment by the activities of oil companies. For example, in 1995, proposals by Shell to dispose of the Brent Spar oil storage facility provoked an extensive campaign of protests by activists from Greenpeace aimed at stopping Shell from dumping the Brent Spar in the North Sea. Spontaneous protests in support of Greenpeace and against Shell broke out across Europe, and eventually resulted in Shells eventual abandonment of plans to dump it deep in the Atlantic., Atmospheric pollution results from flaring, venting, and purging gases, fugitive gases from loading operations and tankage and losses from process equipment, combustion processes such as diesel engines and gas turbines. The main emission gases include carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, volatile organic carbons and nitrogen oxides. Gas flaring exposes workers, communities, and wildlife to pollution with various health effects. The flares pollute the clouds, causing a black rain that poisons water sources. The Niger Delta in Nigeria is a typical example of a region adversely affected by the impact of oil and gas exploration and production. Pervasive gas flaring is one of the key factors that have worsened the environment of the Niger Delta, attracting concern from the international community. It has been reported that Nigeria has the Worlds highest level of gas flaring and flares about 16 per cent of the worlds associated gas. Aquatic pollution result from production water, spills and leakages, cooling water, process, wash and drainage water, drilling fluids, and chemicals used for well treatment. Oil is often spilled during transport through pipelines, trucks, and ships. When oil spills, it pollutes groundwater and waterways, harms plants and animals, and causes damage that may last for years to resources for hunting, fishing, and farming. Even once the oil appears to have dissipated, it can still lurk beneath the surface of beaches and the sea bed, severely affecting marine organisms that burrow, such as crabs, for literally decades. These burrowing creatures are also food for other animals, so the cycle of poisoning continues for many years. In addition to the impact on marine life, oil spills have a direct impact on humans too long after the initial media frenzy has died down. For example, some Alaskan communities were affected by the Exxon Valdez disaster of 1989 as important commercial fishing and hunting grounds were contaminated for an extended period. Tourism was also affected. Oil and gas operations also have potential impacts on vegetation and soils resulting from deforestation, disturbance due to construction activities, indirect impact due to social change and contamination resulting from spillage and leakage or solid waste disposal. During the course of exploration oil, forests are cut down and homes are destroyed. Roads are built, and streams and rivers are blocked up. Seismic testing damages homes, wildlife, and the land.    Oil drilling can cause fires, explosions, and other accidents that endanger workers and the community. For example, in 1988, the offshore platform Piper Alpha, which was located in the British sector of the North Sea oil field and operated by Occidental Petroleum, was engulfed in a catastrophic fire and resulted in the loss of 167 lives, costing billions of dollars in property damage, and the shutting down of approximately 10% of total UK gas production. The dumping of toxic water is also a major cause of pollution. Laws about drilling in wealthy countries require the toxic water to be put back into the ground rather than dumped on the surface.   Oil companies often do nothing more than dig a hole and dump in crude oil, drilling wastes, toxic water, and other wastes leading to the contamination of groundwater and land. Pollution at the refining stage results from refineries releasing toxic waste into water, soil, and air and this leads to various health risks. This pollution also adds to global warming. The decommissioning phase of oil and gas production, if unchecked, can also present environmental problems by the disposal of oil platforms into deep waters. The end result could be hundreds of rusting platforms, obsolete subsea infrastructure and disused pipelines running all the way to land. It is important to point out here that the impact on the environment of oil and gas exploration and production operations depends on the stage of the process, the size and complexity of the project, the nature and sensitivity of the surrounding environment, the effectiveness of the planning, pollution prevention, and mitigation control techniques. While some of these impacts can be said to be the result of unpredictable acts of God, the occurrence of some of these potentially devastating impacts often result from accumulation of errors and questionable decisions, most of which are rooted in the organization, its structure, procedures, and culture. These organizational factors include flaws in the design guidelines and design practices, misguided priorities in the management of the trade-off between productivity and safety, mistakes in the management of the personnel on board, and errors of judgment in the process by which financial pressures are applied on the production sector resulting in deficiencies in inspection and maintenance operations. The Piper Alpha accident of 1988 is one of the cases that can hardly be attributed to an act of God: gross human error greatly contributed to this accident. Notwithstanding the fact that the coincidence of the final events that triggered the catastrophe was not in itself controllable, the failure resulted essentially from an accumulation of management errors. In November 1990, Lord Cullens report into the disaster severely criticised safety procedures on the rig owned by Occidental Oil. The immediate cause of the disaster was a failure in the permit to work system which caused a breakdown in communications between the day shift and the night shift. This led to the use of machinery which was undergoing maintenance and caused the escape of gas from an insecurely fastened temporary flange. Thereafter, there appeared to be a series of failures and errors of judgment which contributed to the overall scale of the disaster. In the case of the Exxon Valdez oil spill of 1998, the US National Transportation Safety Board ruled that drinking by the ships captain, a fatigued and overworked crew and inadequate traffic control by the Coast Guard all contributed to the enormous oil spill by the Exxon Valdez off the Alaskan coast in 1989. In another instance, the final Report by the Commission set up by US President Barack Obama to investigate the cause of the recent BP Deepwater Horizon oil rig explosion on 20 April 2010 in which 11 workers were killed and led to an estimated four million barrels of oil gushing into the Gulf of Mexico (the National Oil Spill Commission) concluded, among others, that the explosive loss of the Macondo well could have been prevented ; and that the immediate causes of the Macondo well blowout can be traced to a series of identifiable mistakes made by BP, Halliburton, and Transocean that reveal such systematic failures in risk management that they place in doubt the safety culture of the entire industry.

Monday, August 19, 2019

Physics of White Dwarfs :: physics space white dwarf star

A collision where one party collides with another and leaves the scene is considered to be illegal in the United States. If a white dwarf would collide with the sun this would be the exact case. It would take around an hour for the white dwarf to go completely through the sun and then after causing great destruction and changing the chemical and physical properties of the sun it would just continue on its path and leave behind massive destruction. The first time a white dwarf and main sequence collisions were studied it was done by Michael Shara, Giora Shaviv and Oded Regev at Tel Aviv University and then Technion-Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa. These scientists use supercomputers to study the effects of various collisions. They concluded that if a sun like star was hit by a white dwarf 10 million times as dense, the sun like star would be destroyed and only minor warming would take place on the outside of the white dwarf. If the sun were to go through this type of collision it would not annihilate the earth but would cause all the water in both the atmosphere and in the oceans to boil away. No longer having the gravitational pull of the sun, the earth and other planets would wonder the galaxy. The Pauli exclusion principle is defined by Dr. Steven S. Zumdahl, "In a given atom no two electrons can have the same set of four quantum numbers." Due to this principle, only two electrons can inhabit a single energy level. The electrons that share the same energy level have opposite intrinsic angular momentums which is more commonly known as "spin". To determine the direction of the spin the angular momentum vector is analyzed. A degenerate gas where the electrons exist in the lowest allowed energy level. Degeneracy pressure is caused by a degenerate gas. A degenerate gas is different from an ordinary gas because their electrons have much greater energies and higher momentums. The higher energy and momentum is the cause of the increase in pressure. The increase in pressure results in the electrons being in a higher state than what would be predicted. A white dwarf uses electron degeneracy pressure to support itself. It is because of the electron degeneracy pressure that white dwarfs have a small size relative to other types of stars.

E.B. Whites The Ring Of Time Essay -- White Ring Time Essays Papers

E.B. White's The Ring Of Time In E.B. White?s The Ring of Time, the author gives a narrative account of his trip to a circus rehearsal where he describes a fascinating scene of a young girl practicing a horse act for an upcoming show. As a writer, he feels it is his obligation to record the events he is witnessing, and convey this to his readers without leaving anything out. However difficult this may be, the beautiful and fleeting moment is something he wishes to ultimately capture. When he arrives on the scene, White senses something magical about the surroundings of this circus as it undergoes a rehearsal, but he is primarily fixed on a young woman who passes by him. The young ?cleverly proportioned, deeply browned by the sun, dusty, eager, and almost naked'; girl is the one thi...

Sunday, August 18, 2019

A Comparison of My Last Duchess and Porphyrias Lover Essays -- Robert

"My Last Duchess" is a poem about an arrogant and extremely powerful Duke who is describing his deceased Duchess. From the word "last" in the title it is implied that the duke has had more than one duchess. In this poem, the Duke is extremely egotistic. He says, "I choose never to stoop." The duchess would look at everyone in the world as being equal no matter what class they are. The duke however cannot do this. He is too worried about his appearance. "Porphyria's Lover" is a poem in which a man describes an evening in which his lover, Porphyria, visits him and he unexpectedly murders her. In this it is unlike "My Last Duchess" because Porphyria 'worships' her lover unlike the Duke From the title "My Last Duchess", we immediately learn that this is a personal poem to the duke. It is a love and murder poem. It is a dramatic monologue and is written as a single stanza. Both poems also have a silent listener. In 'My Last Duchess' the silent listener is the Ambassador for the Count, who is the father of the Duke's next bride whereas in 'Porphyria's Lover' the silent listener could be a number of people it could be a police officer, or he could just be telling the story to a friend. There is no evidence in the poem, which tells the reader who he is talking to. The tone in these poems is important as it acts as a contrast to the content of the poem. In "My Last Duchess", Browning uses a soft tone and describes the Duke having the Duchess killed subtly, " This grew; I gave commands;/ Then all smiles stopped together." Browning describes this without changing the tone. However in "Porphyria's Lover" the tone is normal and soft throughout the poem until the point in which the Lover murders Porphyria, "I... ...both of the characters kill their lovers. "She was mine, mine, fair,/ Perfectly pure and good". This is what the lover said before he killed Porphyria. He kills her because at that precise moment in time he has complete power and control over Porphyria and wants to preserve this. Browning uses a simile extremely effectively in "Porphyria's Lover" to describe the body of Porphyria. He says "As a shut bud that holds a bee". This gives the reader the image that her soul is still alive but her body is dead. The bud is shut and the bee is still alive inside of it. Overall, I found these poems both quite enjoyable to read. I enjoyed "My Last Duchess" less than I enjoyed "Porphyria's Lover". This is because the murder in "Porphyria's Lover" was so unexpected and a shock whereas in "My Last Duchess", it was written more subtly giving it less excitement.

Saturday, August 17, 2019

Importance and uses of contrastive linguistics Essay

Introduction: Contrastive Linguistics, roughly defined as a subdiscipline of linguistics which is concerned with the comparison of two or more (subsystems of) languages, has long been associated primarily with language teaching. Apart from this applied aspect, however, it also has a strong theoretical purpose, contributing to our understanding of language typology and language universals. The study of two languages in contrast, here called contrastive analysis, has been referred to by a variety of names, not all of which mean the same to all writers. One can find the following terms used: contrastive studies, contrastive language studies, contrastive linguistics, applied contrastive studies, contrastive description and others. contrastive analysis investigates the differences between pairs (or small sets) of languages against the background of similarities and with the purpose of providing input to applied disciplines such as foreign language teaching and translation studies. With its largely desc riptive focus contrastive linguistics provides an interface between theory and application. It makes use of theoretical findings and models of language description but is driven by the objective of applicability. Contrastive studies mostly deal with the comparison of languages that are ‘socio-culturally linked’, i.e. languages whose speech communities overlap in some way, typically through (natural or instructed) bilingualism . Much progress has been made in classifying the languages of the earth into genetic families, each having descent from a single precursor, and in tracing such developments through time. The result is called â€Å"comparative linguistics.† Of even greater importance for the future technology of thought is what might be called â€Å"contrastive linguistics.† This plots the outstanding differences among tongues – in grammar, logic, and general analysis of experience.A major influence on the development of the contrastive analysis approach has been the interest shown in it by language teachers and learners, and much CA has been undertaken with language teaching rather than translation in mind. One can prevent development of errors through a prior contrastive analysis and error analysis, leading to the development of appropriate teaching materials to  reinforce correct language learning. Relevance and uses of contrastive linguistics: The relevance of CL to translation: The emphasis of much of the work on CL on teaching and language learning raises questions about its relevance to translators. At a practical level, it is probably most useful in pointing out areas where direct translation of a term or phrase will not convey accurately in the second language the intended meaning of the first. At a global level, it leads the translator to look at broader issues such as whether the structure of the discourse for a given text-type is the same in both languages. Furthermore, although Contrastive Analysis is widely practised, there are a number of theoretical and practical problems in its application, all of which must affect judgements as to its usefulness in preparing or evaluating translations. There is some overlap between these problems, but they can nevertheless be related to specific difficulties of identifying a common ground for comparison, comparing descriptions of different languages, taking account of psycholinguistic and sociocultural factors, and taking account of extratextual and intertextual factors. Identifying a common ground for comparison All comparisons require that there be a common ground against which variation may be noted, a constant that underlies and makes possible the variables that are identified. Fonnal similarity is unreliable for several reasons. In the first place, a particular grammatical structure in one language may be a requirement while in another it may be one choice amongst several; in the second place, the choice represented by a grammatical structure in one language may have a different significance in that language from the choice represented by an apparently equivalent structure in another language .in the third place, in one language a particular structure may be unmarked while in another it may be marked. A pair of sentences might be semantically and/or pragmatically equivalent but have widely varying likelihoods of occurrence in the languages from which they are drawn. A simple example of all these points is that of the Portuguese expression â€Å"muito obrigado/a and the English expressio n much obliged. These  are syntactically and semantically comparable but have a different likelihood of occurrence, muito obrigado/a being the normal way of thanking in Portuguese and much obliged being a rare and more restricted usage than thanks a lot (and other related expressions) in English. Comparing descriptions of different languages Apart from the real but unavoidable problems arising out of comparisons of descriptions that utilize different linguistic models, there are problems that arise even between descriptions that utilize the same categories and theoretical framework.Understanding between and among disparate cultures has challenged mankind throughout history; and clearly, communication, intercultural communication, is a key element in achieving understanding. We believe a disciplined, linguistic approach to the study of intercultural communication, an approach that includes the building of linguistic corpora, research in contrastive rhetoric, and practical, real life application of the best practices learned, can provide valuable insights toward achieving understanding among cultures The relationship between contrastive analysis and translation The relationship between CL and translation is bidirectional. On the one hand, the translation of specific pieces of text may provide the data for CL On the other, CL may provide explanations of difficulties encountered in translation.The crucial factors here are what size of language sample has been chosen for translation, whether it is naturally occurring or fabricated for the purpose, and whether the translation is the analyst’s own. Though the focus of CL may continue to shift towards pragmatics and discourse analysis, its use in translation is not inevitable. It is however unlikely that it can be dispensed with completely either in the training of translators or in the assessment of translations, even in its more traditional lexico-grammatical manifestations; CL has arisen as a result of the needs of the language teaching profession and this project is no exception in that one of its major objectives is to provide teachers with assistance in the use of parallel concordancing in the classroom.It gives valuable evidence for translators on the transferability of certain collocations and colligations from one language to another. The f uture of CL’s use in translation may well lie in projects such as this, which are capable of providing with equal  facility explanations of past translating decisions and guidance as to prospective ones. As a useful learning tool: Knowledge and understanding of languages is increasingly important, and this course focuses on how such knowledge can be applied. It helps learners know more clearly and finding similarities and differences between them, thereby detecting errors, which bilingual learners often make, and how to fix. This assignment is based on contrastive linguistics. It uses many methods, especially contrastive method and surveys on grammatical aspect of these words. This study uses one-way transfer. We find a lot of two languages’ differences which may be make errors in structure and semantics. It is useful for bilingual learners to find mistakes which they can meet. Contrastive linguistic gives a comparative method to translate a learner’s thinking in an informed way. Giving structure to his/her intuitive relationship to the language. This bilingual approach in cl saves the students’ infinite time and labour. It has been proven that students learn faster and more effectively us ing it.Since it is our nature to compare, Contrastive Linguistics is the technique that clarifies our understanding of the language. For learners, similarities between languages cause no difficulties, while differences cause interference to learning. Through Contrastive Linguistics we can target and resolve the typical difficulties and Common Mistakes of our students. We can examine aspects that would not normally be noticed without such comparison. Bi-lingual comparative courses overlap in fruitful collaboration with other approaches. They clear away students’ deep-rooted mistakes and empower teachers with the answers to many of their students’ doubts. In Language Teaching: The change that has to take place in the language behavior of a foreign language student can be equated with the differences between the structure of the student’s native language and culture and that of the target language and culture. The task of the linguist is to identify these differences. The task of the writer of a foreign language teaching program is to develop materials which will be based on a statement of these differences; the task of the foreign language teacher is to be aware of these differences and to be prepared to teach them; the task of the student is to learn them. Importance of CL due to growing demand: There is a growing demand from both public and private sectors for professionals combining excellent language skills and sound linguistic theory and methodology. You study linguistic theory, description and methodology with a particular focus on corpus approaches and a strong multilingual component with high relevance for language professionals, especially in the field of foreign/second language learning, teaching (and testing), linguistics focusing on usage-based models and methods in language research and their applications, especially in multilingual contexts. It help students acquire the ability to read, write, speak, and understand world languages reach maximum capability with respect to communications, effective reasoning, and analytical thinking; to educate students for living and working in a competitive global society.. As the field of linguistics became more accepted as a discipline, other scholars from different fields began to incorporate language-related topics into thei r work. Contrative Linguistics found its way into sociology, anthropology, language arts, foreign language learning and teaching. It helps the translators to analyse the basic meaning and gist of the second language giving them an edge in interpretation jobs .

Friday, August 16, 2019

DRUNK DRIVING Essay

Drinking and driving is a very serious and dangerous problem. Many people every year are killed or injured because of drunk drivers, and almost all of the people who are killed are innocent. The more you drink the more likely you are to have an accident. Driving whilst under the influence of drink is a dangerous situation, and the consequences are appalling, because you can end up killing someone else, losing your own life or even sent to court. Why do people drink while driving? The answer is simply cause there drunk! They are too drunk to think properly, they might have done it before and they think it’s not bad, perhaps too lazy to get a taxi, they feel confident that they can drive extra carefully and avoid incident, Their ability to rationalize is suppressed, leading them to make rash decisions, They want to escape personal problems This is probably one of the most dangerous reasons why people drink and drive. A man / woman in the thick of problems, gets drunk and gets in the car. Caught in his / her emotions, the person doesn’t care what happens anymore. Sadly, among the reasons why people drink and drive, this is a common reason; they are ashamed or afraid to call someone to pick them up. People wake up in cells not realizing they killed a person with their car. Some people drink and drive because they don’t know any better. Some people are not even aware of the legal drinking limits.

Thursday, August 15, 2019

Nike, Operational Strategy Essay

An example of an operational strategy I found was within the Nike  organization. Nike was created in 1972, by co-founder Bill Bowerman & his University of Oregon runner Phil Knight. Together, with the people they hired, the company was able to grow and expand from a U. S. based footwear distributor to a global marketer of athletic footwear, apparel & equipment that is unrivaled in the world today (www. nikeinc. com). Operations strategy is the development of a long term plan for using the major resources of the firm for a high degree of compatibility between these resources & the firm’s long term corporate strategy (Schroeder & Rungusanatham, 2011). On May 5, 2010 Nike  unveiled one of its strategies & key initiatives to achieve sustainable, long term growth across its global portfolio of brands & businesses (www. nikemedia. com) their plan consists of a revenue target of 27 billion by the end of 2015 and over 12 billion of free cash flow from operations through 2015. Nike   also uses an outsourcing strategy, where they have subcontractors scattered throughout the globe. The cross functional decisions associated with a company of this magnitude is enormous & would involve a multitude of people and departments. Nike  main cross functional decision making process involved that of Dennis Dwyer, Senior Manager Footwear Division; Vice President & CFO, Donald W. Blair; President, Mark G. Parker; Divisional V. P. & General Manager, Craig Zanon; V. P. of New Business Development, Clare L. Hamill; GM, Kirk Richardson and Director of Communications, Jack Gould (www. ifestagingblog. com). There are two types of strategies involved with the supply chain strategy and they are imitative and innovative (Schroeder & Rungusanatham, 2011). Imitative strategies generally relies on following or imitating other companies, while having predictable demand, are efficient and have a low cost supply chain. The Innovative strategy is different from other companies but may still have a sort of â€Å"sameness† imitation, whereas there is unpredictable demand, are flexible and have a fast supply chain.

Wednesday, August 14, 2019

Pressures Students Face Essay

Pressures Students Face Imagine sitting in a classroom full of college students. They are from all walks of life. What could possibly be going on in the heads of those students? For instance could it be about the girl or boy that they have a crush on? Maybe they are wondering what they will do after school today? No, most of these students are working jobs to pay bills and tuition for the college they are attending. Also trying to maintain a good grade average which has to be a C or higher. These are some of the pressures that most college students have to face in this time of their lives. First, the pressures to perform academically are one of the primary causes of stress for all students. Most colleges recommend that students maintain a 2.0 GPA and a C average or better in order to keep the finical aide they received and to pass their semesters. First, coursework can be very demanding. For instance students who want to do their best and excel in school will want to make the top grades and struggle to get into graduate schools places a lot of pressure on them. If a student falls below a C average they will not pass the semester that they are taking and will lose what finical aide that was acquired for them to attend college. So keeping good grades is the main pressure they have to face besides having to pay to go to college. In addition to paying for college is another pressure that a college student has to face every year Students have to make sure there are enough funds for books, classes, supplies, and if so rooms. Many students face financial stresses. Students have to find enough money to pay for their tuition as well as getting enough funds to cover living expenses and traveling expenses back and forth while attending college. Furthermore students that have sufficient funds to pay for college still have to worry about repaying the loans that they have gotten before even graduating from college and joining the work force. Finally, being a full time student and working a full time job can be overwhelming for college students. Taking full time classes and juggling a job puts a lot of pressure on students and leaves little time for them to study and attend classes. Friedrich Nietzsche once quoted That which does not kill us makes us stronger. Meaning that if students can juggle jobs and college that will only make them stronger and better at what they do. Therefore, college students face pressures by trying to work, making sure  they maintain good grades and having enough tuition to pay for the college. Students have to face so many pressures going to college this is only a few of them. Being a full time student and working is not an easy job but people who want to get anywhere in their lives have to better their education so they can get better job opportunities. Many students with a lot of pressures just want to give up and quit at times. But as Winston Churchill once quoted Never, never, never give up. They just need to keep trying and no matter what once they graduate and have degree in their hands it will be well worth the pressures they had to endure during college.